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The Research Works Act, 102 H.R. 3699, was a bill that was introduced in the United States House of Representatives at the 112th United States Congress on December 16, 2011, by Representative Darrell Issa (R-CA) and co-sponsored by Carolyn B. Maloney (D-NY). The bill contained provisions to prohibit open-access mandates for federally funded research and effectively revert〔(Trying to roll back the clock on Open Access ) statement by the American Library Association that "vehemently oppose()d'' the bill".〕 the United States' National Institutes of Health Public Access Policy, which requires taxpayer-funded research to be freely accessible online. If enacted, it would have also severely restricted the sharing of scientific data.〔Piwowar, Heather. (Research Works Act Attacks Data Dissemination Too )〕 The bill was referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform,〔(H.R. 3699: Research Works Act: Committee Assignments )〕 of which Issa is the chair.〔(List of members elected to the standing committees of the House of Representatives on January 5, 2011 )〕 Similar bills were introduced in 2008 and 2009 but have not been enacted since. On February 27, 2012 Elsevier, a major publisher, announced that it was withdrawing support for the Act.〔(Elsevier withdraws support for the Research Works Act )〕 Later that day, Issa and Maloney issued a statement saying that they would not push for legislative action on the bill. ==Reception== The bill was supported by the Association of American Publishers (AAP) and the Copyright Alliance.〔(Statement from Copyright Alliance Executive Director Sandra Aistars, Re: Introduction of H.R. 3699, the Research Works Act )〕 The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition,〔 the Alliance for Taxpayer Access, the American Library Association,〔 the International Society for Computational Biology, the Confederation of Open Access Repositories and prominent open science and open access advocates criticized the Research Works Act, some of them urging scholarly societies to resign from the AAP because of its support for the bill. Several AAP members, including MIT Press, Rockefeller University Press, Nature Publishing Group, American Association for the Advancement of Science stated their opposition to the bill but signaled no intention to leave the association. Other AAP members stated their opposition to the bill〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Notes on the Research Works Act )〕 as did the Association of American Universities (AAU) and the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities Several public health groups opposed the bill. Opponents stressed particularly the effects on public availability of biomedical research results, such as those funded by NIH grants, submitting that under the bill "taxpayers who already paid for the research would have to pay again to read the results". Mike Taylor from the University of Bristol said that the bill's denial of access to scientific research would cause "preventable deaths in developing countries" and "an incalculable loss to science", and said Representatives Issa and Maloney were motivated by multiple donations they had received from the academic publisher Elsevier. An online petition – ''The Cost of Knowledge'' – inspired by British mathematician and Fields medalist Timothy Gowers to raise awareness of the bill, to call for lower prices for journals and to promote increased open access to information, was signed by more than 10,000 scholars.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://thecostofknowledge.com/ )〕 Signatories vowed to withhold their support from Elsevier journals as editors, reviewers or authors "unless they radically change how they operate". On February 27, 2012, Elsevier announced its withdrawal of support for the bill, citing concerns from journal authors, editors, and reviewers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/intro.cws_home/newmessagerwa )〕 While participants in the boycott celebrated the dropping of support for the Research Works Act, Elsevier denied that their action was a result of the boycott and stated that they took this action at the request of those researchers who did not participate in the boycott. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Research Works Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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